Verdi Giuseppe - La Forza del Destino (Full Score)

Στις αρχές του 1861, ανατέθηκε στον Τζουζέπε Βέρντι να γράψει ένα έργο για την Αυλική Όπερα της Αγίας Πετρούπολης. Ως θέμα του επέλεξε ένα θεατρικό έργο που είχε παρουσιαστεί για πρώτη φορά στη Μαδρίτη το 1835: το Don Alvaro, o La fuerza del sino (Δον Άλβαρο, ή Η Δύναμη του Πεπρωμένου), του Δον Άντζελο Πέρεθ ντε Σααβέδρα, Δούκα του Ρίβας.
Από αυτή την ιστορία μοιραίας αγάπης, ο Βέρντι, μαζί με τον λιμπρετίστα του Φραντσέσκο Μαρία Πιάβε, δημιούργησαν ένα σκοτεινό και συναρπαστικό μουσικό δράμα που έτυχε θριαμβευτικής υποδοχής στην πρεμιέρα του το 1862.
Η La Forza del Destino σηματοδότησε μια σημαντική καμπή στην καριέρα του Βέρντι. Με αυτήν ένιωσε ότι είχε δημιουργήσει ένα νέο είδος όπερας «φτιαγμένης με ιδέες» αντί «φτιαγμένης από ντουέτα, καβατίνες, κ.λπ.» — μια προσέγγιση που θα συνέχιζε σε αριστουργήματα όπως ο Don Carlo και η Aida.
Η αρχική επιτυχία της La Forza del Destino επιβεβαιώθηκε από τον ενθουσιώδη τρόπο με τον οποίο υποδέχθηκαν τις επόμενες παραστάσεις σε όλη την Ευρώπη. Συνεχίζει και σήμερα να συγκαταλέγεται στα πιο δημοφιλή έργα του Βέρντι.

ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ
OPERA IN FOUR ACTS
ACT ONE
Evening, interior of the Vargas residence in Seville.

ACT TWO
Interior of an inn in the Spanish town of Hornachuelos—Esplanade outside the church and convent of Our Lady of the Angels.

ACT THREE
Night, forest near Velletri in Italy—Morning, interior of a Spanish officer's residence—Night, military camp.

ACT FOUR
Interior of the convent—Night, outside a grotto in a rocky valley

Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave based on Don Alvaro, o La fuerza del sino by A. P de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas
Setting: Spain and Italy around the middle of the 18th century
Music by Giuseppe Verdi
First performance: St. Petersburg, 10 November 1862

Characters
The Marquis of Calatrava [Il Marchese di Calatrava] CONTENTS
OPERA IN FOUR ACTS

ACT ONE
Evening, interior of the Vargas residence in Seville.

ACT TWO
Interior of an inn in the Spanish town of Hornachuelos—Esplanade outside the church and convent of Our Lady of the Angels.

ACT THREE. Night, forest near Velletri in Italy—Morning, interior of a Spanish officer's residence—Night, military camp.

ACT FOUR
Interior of the convent—Night, outside a grotto in a rocky valley

Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave based on Don Alvaro, o La fuerza del sino by A. P de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas
Setting: Spain and Italy around the middle of the 18th century
Music by Giuseppe Verdi
First performance: St. Petersburg, 10 November 1862

Characters
The Marquis of Calatrava [Il Marchese di Calatrava] Bass
Donna Leonora, his daughter Soprano
Don Carlo di Vargas, his son (also impersonating a Student [Lo Studente]) Baritone
Don Alvaro, Leonoras half-Indian suitor Tenor
Curra, chambermaid to Leonora Mezzo-soprano
Preziosilla, a young Gypsy Mezzo-soprano
A Mayor [Un Alcade] Bass
Master Trabuco [Mastro Trabuco], a muleteer, later a peddler Tenor brillante
The Father Guardian [Il Padre Guardiano], a Franciscan Bass
Friar Melitone [Fra Melitone], a Franciscan Baritone brillante
A Surgeon [Un Chirurgo] Bass
Muleteers [Mulattieri] Tenors, Basses
Peasants [Paisani, Paesane] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Servants [Famigli] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Pilgrims [Pellegrini] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Spanish and Italian Soldiers, Orderlies [Soldati spagnuoli e italiani, Ordinanze] Tenors, Basses
Recruits [Reclute] Sopranos, Altos
Vivandieres Sopranos
Beggars [Pezzenti]  Sopranos, Altos, Tenors, Basses
Friars [Frati] Tenors, Basses
Countrymen, Countrywomen [Contadini, Contadine] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Host, Hostess [LOste, LOstessa]; Boys [Ragazzi]



Donna Leonora, his daughter Soprano
Don Carlo di Vargas, his son (also impersonating a Student [Lo Studente]) Baritone
Don Alvaro, Leonoras half-Indian suitor Tenor
Curra, chambermaid to Leonora Mezzo-soprano
Preziosilla, a young Gypsy Mezzo-soprano
A Mayor [Un Alcade] Bass
Master Trabuco [Mastro Trabuco], a muleteer, later a peddler Tenor brillante
The Father Guardian [Il Padre Guardiano], a Franciscan Bass
Friar Melitone [Fra Melitone], a Franciscan Baritone brillante
A Surgeon [Un Chirurgo] Bass
Muleteers [Mulattieri] Tenors, Basses
Peasants [Paisani, Paesane] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Servants [Famigli] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Pilgrims [Pellegrini] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Spanish and Italian Soldiers, Orderlies [Soldati spagnuoli e italiani, Ordinanze] Tenors, Basses
Recruits [Reclute] Sopranos, Altos
Vivandieres Sopranos
Beggars [Pezzenti]  Sopranos, Altos, Tenors, Basses
Friars [Frati] Tenors, Basses
Countrymen, Countrywomen [Contadini, Contadine] Sopranos, Tenors, Basses
Host, Hostess [LOste, LOstessa]; Boys [Ragazzi]

Instrumentation
Piccolo [Ottavino, Ott.] (=Flute II)
Flute [Flauto, Fl.] (=Piccolo II)
2 Clarinets (A, Bb,C) [Clarinetti (La, Sib, Do), CI.]
(Clar. 11 = Bass Clarinet (Bb) [Clarinetto Basso (Sib), O.B.]
2 Oboes [Oboi, Ob.]
2 Bassoons [Fagotti, Fg.]
4 Horns [Corni, Cor.]
2 Trumpets (E, Eb, D, C, B) [Trombe (Mi, MH, Re, Do, Si), Trb.]
3 Trombones [Tromboni, Trbn.]
Cimbasso [Cmbs.]
Side Drum [Tamburo, Tb.]
Timpani [Tp]
Bass Drum [Gran Cassa, G.C.]
2 Harps [Arpe, A.]
Organ [Organo, Org.]
[Violini, Vnil]

• Violins I
• Violins II